The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.